A comprehensive study of the treatment African Americans have received since arriving in Virginia in 1619, documents racism and white supremacy, history often omitted by schools. Numerous tables, photographs, maps and charts make the study easy to read and provide documentation. Chapters cover slavery, US Colored Troops in the Civil War, the South’s devastation, evolution of the process of Emancipation, and Reconstruction. Others address the Freedmen’s Bureau, “Redemption” and the “Lost Cause,” Jim Crow, blacks’ significant military contributions in both world wars, the Great Migration from the South, the civil rights movement, and the backlash that continues today.